亚太地区心血管疾病二级预防报告

亚太地区心血管疾病的负担因国家/地区而异,但无论任何国家/地区都负担沉重。总体来说,心血管疾病在该地区是造成死亡的首要或次要原因,其患病率也在不断增长。除此以外,该地区人口结构的变化——患心血管疾病的年轻人增加,同时患有多种合并症的老龄人口也呈增长趋势——令医疗系统越来越不堪重负。

应对心血管疾病相关问题的进展主要集中于一级预防领域,同时心血管疾病年龄标准化患病率也正在降低。然而心脏病和卒中复发的几率长期居高不下,令人难以接受,而与之相关的经济和人力成本亦威胁着已经取得的进步。由于越来越多的患者能在心脏病或卒中首次发病时幸存,复发事件所带来的负担很可能会更加沉重。这一状况需要紧急的关注,但同时也带来了一个非常有可能实现的机遇——改善该患者群体所接受的医疗护理及其效果。

本次由经济学人智库(The Economist Intelligence Unit/The EIU)所做的分析探究了亚太地区在管理心血管疾病复发事件上的政策响应措施,研究主要聚焦于以下八个经济体:澳大利亚、中国大陆、中国香港、中国台湾、日本、新加坡、韩国以及泰国。

本研究主要发现包括:

Global healthy ageing challenges: The need for transformation

Over the past 35 years, global life expectancy has increased significantly: 11 years for men and 12 years for women (67.5 and 73.3, respectively). The UN estimates that average life expectancy will increase from the current 71 years to 77 years in 2050.

Ageing with strength: Addressing fragility fractures in Asia-Pacific

By 2050 Asia-Pacific will be home to 1.3bn people older than 60. This growth will happen at a time when lifespans are also becoming longer. As a result, the region is expected to see an increase in diseases associated with age. Among them is osteoporosis, a condition that makes bones less dense and more fragile and can cause fragility, or low-impact, fractures—those that occur (often to the hip, spine or wrist) when someone falls from a standing height or lower.

Demystifying ageing - Chinese Infographic

Demystifying ageing - Chinese

脆弱性骨折已經成為亞太地區重大的公眾衛生挑戰。大量研究顯示相關病症對社會和經濟造成長遠的影響。不單會造成活動力和自主能力的下降,在某些情況下,還會造成老年患者的死亡。在多數傳統的亞太社會中,老年人經常扮演家庭中年輕一代的照顧者。一旦發生骨折,可能會對整個家庭和社區產生衝擊。從更廣泛的角度來看,亞太社會治療髖部骨折的花費,相當於 19% 的每人平均國民生產總值,正正突顯了這個問題的嚴重性。

隨著人口老化,許多人認為脆弱性骨折將變得越來越普遍,但情況未必如此。骨質疏鬆症令骨骼更容易斷裂,是造成骨折的主要原因,但民眾往往認為這是老化的自然過程。這個迷思將逐漸破解。整個亞太地區對於相關病因能夠預防和治療的事實,不夠了解。本研究針對脆弱性骨折和骨質疏鬆症,在八個亞太經濟體所帶來的挑戰及醫療體系的因應方式進行研究:包括澳洲、香港、日本、紐西蘭、新加坡、南韓、台灣和泰國(文中統稱「記分卡經濟體」)。主要發現如下:

Demystifying ageing - Korean Infographic

Demystifying ageing - Korean

취약 골절1은 아시아 태평양 지역에서 이미 중요한 공중 보건 문제이다. 사회와 경제에 대한 이의 지속적인 영향은 문서에 의해 충분히 입증되었고, 이동성 상실, 독립성 상실, 일부의 경우 노인들에서 사망을 초래한다. 노인들이 젊은 세대를 돌보는 많은 전통적인 아시아 태평양 사회에서 골절은 가족 전체와 지역사회에 치명적일 수 있다. 보다 넓은 관점에서 볼 때, 아시아 태평양 사회에서 고관절 골절 치료 비용은 1인당 GDP의 19%에 달하고, 이는 문제의 심각성을 보여준다.

Demystifying ageing: Lifting the burden of fragility fractures and osteoporosis in Asia-Pacific

Demystifying ageing: Lifting the burden of fragility fractures and osteoporosis in Asia-Pacific is based on the findings of the Asia-Pacific fracture and osteoporosis scorecard, created by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and sponsored by Amgen, along with 21 in-depth interviews with global experts. The scorecard was developed to assess the burden and response of health systems in addressing fragility fractures and osteoporosis, over eight economies: Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. The key findings are: 

Demystifying ageing: Lifting the burden of fragility fractures and osteoporosis in Asia-Pacific

Nobel laureate Paul Krugman discusses the twofold challenge posed by greying baby boomers

Europe is undergoing major demographic change. Europeans are living longer, fertility patterns are changing and diversity in populations is increasing. As a consequence, health systems in Europe and across the world need to adapt.

Enjoy in-depth insights and expert analysis - subscribe to our Perspectives newsletter, delivered every week