The UK’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face a complex mix of demographic and financing pressures – as baby-boomers reach retirement age – with worrying consequences for both SMEs themselves and the broader UK economy.
A survey of 549 SMEs, conducted by The Economist Intelligence Unit on behalf of global insurer Zurich, finds a dangerous conflation of shifting age demographics, poor succession planning, dwindling pension incomes and a new generation of would-be entrepreneurs stifled by poor access to start-up funding and low levels of personal capital. This combination is likely to create business challenges that may act as a drag on the UK’s economic growth in the long term.
Almost two-thirds (63%) of small-business owners are aged over 50, with just 11% aged 40 or younger. This age profile might imply that most survey respondents are preparing for retirement, but of those aged over 60, just one-third (36%) say that they have a clear succession plan for transferring ownership and control of the business – meaning that SMEs may be significantly under-prepared for the retirement of their owners.
However, these baby-boomers may not be planning for succession because they are not willing or able to stop working yet. Just two-fifths of survey respondents aged over 60 say that they are currently dealing with their retirement, or expect to have to do so in the next five years.
The reality of having to ‘work ‘til you drop’ is the product of increasing longevity, poor market returns affecting pensions – or lack of a pension entirely – and a lack of finance that would allow younger entrepreneurs to buy-out the businesses of the older generation. The top three concerns of respondents regarding the sale or transfer of control of their businesses in the next five years are a limited number of buyers, limited access to finance for prospective buyers and availability of capital for the next generation.
But this is not just a problem for small-business owners who are unable to move on. The ageing of SME owners and the workforce, as with the ageing of the overall workforce, has implications for the growth prospects of SMEs – as well as the wider economy – in terms of productivity, pay growth, domestic demand and overall growth.The implication could be a ‘growth penalty’ on the UK economy, just as it is reeling from the volatility of multiple recessions and continuing economic stagnation.