This decline is primarily due to low fertility levels in many countries, resulting in each new generation being smaller than the previous one. The global average total fertility rate (TFR) has decreased significantly, with some countries in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region experiencing ultra-low fertility rates (below 1.5). This is leading to rapidly aging populations and various accompanying challenges.
“Fertility policy and practice: the APAC Fertility and Family Scorecard” is a report produced by Economist Impact, supported by Merck. In this report, which is a continuation of a previously released fertility Toolkit, family-friendly and fertility-focused policies are examined in nine countries in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region: Australia, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. The research examines the current fertility landscape in each country, priorities, and the quality of policies and programmes that have been implemented to help encourage family building and raise fertility.
The report uses a comparative scorecard model where scores are given based on the quality and generousness of policies, allowing stakeholders to assess different policies relative to their peers and prioritise key steps to improve.
Efforts to tackle declining birth rates differ across the region, and there are noticeable gaps in the approaches of some countries. Although each country has its own strengths and weaknesses, there is a shared set of actions that can assist them in preparing for the unavoidable demographic transition occurring in the region, to help slow the population decline:
- Recognise falling fertility as a key policy and economic issue
- Reduce the opportunity cost of childbearing through workplace and childcare policies
- Focus on cultural change to slow the decline
- Combat involuntary childlessness