Health

A silent killer in Saudi Arabia: Male cancers

September 09, 2019

Middle East

September 09, 2019

Middle East
Melanie Noronha

Principal, Policy & insights

Melanie is a principal at Economist Impact. She has over ten years of experience delivering consulting and thought leadership projects to public, private and not-for-profit organisations. Based in Dubai, she leads the Middle East and Africa team on research across a range of sectors including food sustainability, recycling, renewable energy, fintech, trade and supply chains. She is a specialist in advanced recycling technologies and international trade. She is a seasoned moderator, having chaired numerous panel discussions and presented Economist Impact's research at global in-person and virtual conferences.

Before joining The Economist Group, she was a senior analyst at MEED Insight, a research and consulting firm serving Middle East and North Africa. At MEED, she developed expertise in bespoke market studies and financial modelling across a range of sectors spanning construction, finance, power and water, oil and gas, and renewable energy. She held previous posts at the Office of the Chief Economist at the Dubai International Financial Centre and at the San Francisco Center for Economic Development. Melanie has an MSc in International Strategy and Economics from the University of St Andrews and a bachelor’s degree in business administration.

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Rising life expectancy means that more aggressive awareness campaigns and detection for male cancers is required to keep mortality low.

Male cancers, including prostate, testicular and penile cancer, were not among the top health concerns in Saudi Arabia until recently. “Prostate cancer is the number one cancer amongst men in most Western countries, but that hadn’t been the case in Saudi Arabia; it had been number five but now it is number two [among men over the age of 60],” explains Danny Rabah, professor of surgery and head of the division of urology at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh.

The main reason for this is the increasing life expectancy of a growing population. Prostate cancer, which is the most common of the three and often seen in men over the age of  50, made up 6.1% of all male cancer cases in Saudi Arabia, according to data from 2014 (the latest available), and it has been increasing over the last five years. It presents through a number of symptoms such as a hesitancy or urgency to urinate, which can often be mistaken for age-related prostate enlargement.

Penile cancer, which frequently manifests as a growth or sore on the penis that refuses to heal, is virtually unknown in the Kingdom; it is less common among men who are circumcised, as are the majority of men in Saudi Arabia. And testicular cancer is rarer still.

A key difference compared with the West though, explains Khalid AlOthman, urologist and uro-oncologist at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, is that patients in the Kingdom are diagnosed mostly at advanced stages of prostate cancer. “It’s actually a kind of silent cancer, probably only presenting when the patient is at a very advanced stage, such as through compression because of a large tumour.”

The prognosis is bleak: “In a society that doesn’t practice early detection and testing, the problem will only become worse.” But what is preventing early detection for these male cancers in the Kingdom? Although male fears over the loss of sexual function resulting from treatment are often cited, a lack of awareness appears to be the root cause, compounded by weaknesses in the healthcare system.

To read the full article, please download the pdf from the links below.

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