Health

Know Your Heart: Exploring the Role of Laboratory Testing for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

August 26, 2024

Global

Know Your Heart: Exploring the Role of Laboratory Testing for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

August 26, 2024

Global
Alcir Santos Neto

Senior Analyst, Public Health, Economist Impact

Alcir is a Senior Public Health Analyst with a multidisciplinary background in global health, international relations, economic development and military medicine. Before joining Economist Impact, Alcir contributed to various multi-sector and international organizations in the area of health security, urban health, economic development and health technology innovation. At Economist Impact, Alcir has conducted in-depth research and engaged with international experts in cross-cutting health topics, such as cancer, diabetes, health technology, rare diseases, health financing and mental health. Alcir holds a Master of Science in Global Health from Georgetown University, as well as a Master of Science in International Relations and a Graduate Certificate in Public Administration from Liberty University. He is currently pursuing an MBA focused on Health Care Management, Innovation and Technology at Johns Hopkins University Carey Business School. Alcir holds specialized training in combat and emergency medicine, as well as primary care management.

Proper diagnosis, prevention, and management of CVD are critical to curbing the $168 bn loss from productivity and mortality, and the additional $1.1 trn cost projected by 2035.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant global health challenge, accounting for 20.5m deaths in 2021. This umbrella term includes various heart and blood vessel disorders, with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) responsible for nearly two-thirds of these fatalities. Consequently, the economic impact is profound, with direct and indirect costs in the United States totaling $422.3bn between 2019 and 2020, costing Americans nearly $4,423 per year in out-of-pocket expenses. Early diagnosis and risk assessment are crucial to make a dent in the future burden of CVD.

Research into novel biomarkers is crucial for advancing CVD risk assessment and management. Traditional lipid panels, while significant, may not fully capture the complexity of ASCVD risk, requiring the investigation of innovative lipid and non-lipid biomarkers. Biomarkers like ApoB, which provides a more accurate measure of harmful serum LDL, and NT-proBNP, a marker for heart failure, offer enhanced predictive capabilities for cardiac events and mortality. Cohort studies and meta-analyses suggest that these advanced biomarkers could significantly improve risk stratification, leading to more personalized and effective treatment strategies for patients, underscoring the importance of continued research and validation in this field.

Future directions in managing CVD focus on comprehensive prevention policies and advanced diagnostic technologies. Key initiatives include reducing behavioral risk factors, improving medication access, and leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for better risk prediction and personalized treatment strategies. The American Heart Association's 2030 Impact Goal aims to increase healthy life expectancy by enhancing cardiovascular surveillance and integrating new health metrics. Emerging treatments targeting new lipid biomarkers and AI-driven tools promise to refine risk assessments and optimize patient care, paving the way for significant CVD prevention and management advancements. This article explores the burden of CVD and the role of different novel biomarkers impacting the future of CVD risk assessment.

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