Diabetes mellitus is increasingly recognized as a significant public health challenge, with its prevalence skyrocketing worldwide. The economic impact of diabetes (gestational diabetes, type 1, and type 2 diabetes) places a hefty financial burden on societies, and by 2050, it is projected that 1.31bn individuals may be grappling with this disease. This underscores the urgent need for effective intervention strategies. International standards are crucial, establishing benchmarks for essential diagnostic tests like fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c, which are paramount in testing and identifying diabetes. Early detection and disease prevention is key in managing the costs, which are among the most expensive chronic diseases to manage.
This article compares the international standards of the American Diabetes Association, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the European Society for the Study of Diabetes, comparing the recommended tests and evaluating their advantages and limitations. These guidelines are designed to help healthcare professionals grasp the subtleties and balance the benefits with the possible downsides when diagnosing complex conditions like diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Esteemed experts who contributed to this article emphasized the necessity of accurate diabetes screening and thorough diabetes education, both of which are fundamental in decelerating the progression of diabetes and preventing severe diabetes-related complications, including CKD. Implementing health promotion for diabetes, including self-management education, is vital for diabetes prevention and mitigating the severity of diabetes complications.
By following these established guidelines, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes, reduce the incidence of diabetes complications, and decrease the healthcare costs and economic burden of diabetes. This article culminates with a compelling argument for a proactive stance in healthcare, highlighting that timely and evidence-based diabetes health promotion can dramatically alter the course of diabetes, enhance patient quality of life, and significantly reduce the cost of diabetes.