This is a research report written by the Economist Intelligence Unit, sponsored by Roche. Brazil's economy is booming on the back of deepening credit markets, a growing middle class and rising investment in physical infrastructure, but serious shortcomings in its healthcare sector represent one of the key constraints on attaining developed-country standards of prosperity. Making the healtcare sector more effective--and innovative--will require sweeping changes to the business practices of healthcare providers and life science companies. This report analyses three significant challenges to achieving this goal: inefficient provision of care in both public and private sectors; lack of innovation; and insufficint and low-quality data in all areas of provision.